Escuela de Meditación

Glossary Pali

A
Ādīnava

the negative, unpleasant, or disadvantageous side of anything. The opposite side is Asāda, the positive, pleasant or advantageous side.

Āgāmī

ones who return to their world, after their death

Akusaladhamma 

unhealthy and unwholesome things/states

Amata-dhātu

deathless element

Anāgāmi

non-returners, ones who do not return to their world that they left behind after death and the breaking up of the body

Anāgāmi-phala

fruition of non-returning

Ānāpānasati

Mindfulness focused on breathing. Meditation practice of complete mindfulness of the breath (air) and breathing.

Anattā

non-being, the negation of Atta, (there is no permanent being anywhere in the world of manifestations). Without a permanent or real self.

Anicca

impermanence, including changes and transformation.

Anupādā-parinibbāna

complete emancipation without further ground or fuel for grasping and clinging

Anusaya

 dormant tendencies

Anusaya as avijjā

clouds of ignorance and complete absence of realizing the Four Noble Truths

Anusaya as bhava-rāga

dormant attachment to existence

Anusaya as ditthi 

pernicious, wrong view as a dormant tendency

Anusaya as kāmarāga

enjoyment of sensual pleasures as a dormant passion

Anusaya as māna

egoism as a dormant I-conceit

Anusaya as patigha

 irritation/annoyance as a dormant feeling/emotion

Anusaya as vicikicchā

doubt/indecisiveness as a dormant fetter/shackle

Arahant 

totally awakened/liberated, the highest noble one

Arahatta-phala

fruition of arahantship

Ariya-sāvaka 

instructed person, the Buddha’s followers

Ariyamagga

The Noble Path

Ariyapuggala

the Noble Person, awakened or enlightened beings

Arūpa Jhāna

formless meditative absorption

Arūparāga

attachment to the formless jhāna(s)s or states of infinite consciousness

Asāda

the positive, pleasant or advantageous side of anything.

Asamkhata

the uncreated (which has not been born, has no decay and does not change, such as Nirvana).

Āsavas 

spiritual infectious diseases

Ātāpa

meditative energy produced by Samadhi and Jhana.

Attā

Has two meanings. On the one hand it is the impermanent being (like our personality). And on the other it refers to a permanent entity (as the equivalent of the Sanskrit term Paramātman).

Avijjā

ignorance or the clouds of unknowing

B
Bhagavā 

the Blessed One (one of the Buddha’s titles)

Bhava

existences

Bhikkhu

monk in the Buddha’s Order

Bhikkhuni   

 nun in the Buddha’s Order

Bojjhanga 

the factors of enlightenment

Brahmacariya 

 integrated, holy life

C
Cetovimutti

complete liberation through the highest samadhi mind

Chanda

positive: the loving will to do.

negative: self-gratification

Chanda-samadhi 

mental stability acquired through love and wish to do

Citta

the mind (including the thinking heart)

Citta-vipallāsa

perversion/distortion of thought

D
Dāna

giving

Dharma

the teachings of the Buddha, the Four Noble Truths

Dhātu

element

Ditthi

point of view

Ditthivipallāsa

perversion of point of view

Dosa

destructiveness, anger, hate, rage, resentment

Dukkha

suffering, physical and mental pain, all forms of suffering, and that which is breakable (breakability)

E
Ekabījī 

having just one seed or further ground for grasping (one more birth before reaching full enlightenment), due to the eradication of the three samyojanas

Ekaggatā­

stability of mind

I
Iddhi

levitation power

Iddhipāda

the way to success

Iddhividhi

the supernatural power of levitation

J
Jhāna

meditative absorption

Jīvātman

temporary and ever changing being

K
Kalpa

an age or eon, also kappa

Kāma

sensual pleasures

Kāma Chanda

fond of sensual pleasures

Kāmabhogī

those who consume sensual pleasures

Kāmachanda 

self-gratification of sensual pleasures

Karunā 

compassion and heartfelt empathy for those with troubles

Khandha

aggregates

Khīnāsava

extinction of contaminations / intoxications. The one who has extinguished the contaminations / intoxications

Kolamkola 

one who still wanders in the realms of existence for a few births, and then will be able to become totally liberated and to put an end to suffering

Kusaladhamma

healthy, wholesome things/states

M
Māna

egoism, I-conceit

Mano

intellect

Mettā

unconditional, universal love and well wishes for all beings without discrimination (including friendship and kindness)

Moha 

delusion, deception, and illusion

Muditā 

sympathetic joy for the success of the others

N
Nāma-rūpa

name and Form, the psychophysical constituents

Nānatta-saññā 

perception of variety

Nandi

 enjoyment of pleasurable things

Nandi-rāga

attachment to pleasure

Neso asami

this is not me

Netam mama

This is not mine

Neti

the tendency

Nirodha 

extinction of all the sankhāra(s) or conditioned things

Nirvana

extinction of passionate fires. The lucidly realized truth regarding non-self and supreme void (emptiness of nāma-rūpa – the psychophysical constituents), also nibbāna

Nissarana

renunciation of pleasures

Nivarana

hindrances, wisdom-deteriorating impediments

Noble Sendero Óctuple / Noble Eightfold Path

the path to enlightenment and the end of suffering (dukkha), composed of right understanding, right thought or intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right perseverance, right mindfulness, and right samadhi (stabilized mind)

Ñ
Ñāna

discernment and profound vision (insight)

O
Opapātika

a suddenly appearing or born being with no parents

P
Padhāna-sankhāra

invincible perseverance

Paññā
Paññāvimutti

complete liberation through perfect wisdom

Paramātman

the supreme Being

Parinibbāna

complete emancipation and extinction with no remainder

Patigha

irritation or annoyance

Pātimokkha

the monastic rules for training

Pema

affection and/or more emotional love

Pīti

joy, fullness of heart

Piya

affection and human warmth

Purusha

term synonymous with permanent attā (being)

Puthujjana

 “thick, dense” or uninstructed people

R
Rāga

sensual excitement

Rūpa

the body (one of the five aggregates)

Rūpajhāna

meditative absorption with form

Rūparāga

excessive enjoyment of jhānas with form

S
Sakadāgāmī 

the noble one who has eradicated all the three samyojana(s) and who has reduced and lessened rāga (sensual excitement), dosa (destructiveness), and moha (delusion, deception, and illusion)

Sakadāgāmī-phala

fruition of once-returning

Sakkāya

existence of a self

Sakkāyaditthi

pernicious, wrong view on the existence of self

Samadhi

stabilized mind

Samana 

a recluse (a calm and radiant ordained person)

Samatha

mental calmness and developed mind through samadhi. The calm meditation system

Samkhata

created things

Sammā-ājīva

right livelihood

Sammāditthi 

right understanding

Sammākammanta

right action

Sammappadhāna

invincible perseverance

Sammāsamadhi 

right stability of mind, focused concentration

Sammāsankappa

right thought

Sammāsati 

right mindfulness

Sammāvācā

right speech

Sammāvāyāma

right perseverance

Sampajañña
Samsāra

the wheel of continuous birth, death, and rebirth

Samyojana

fetters or shackles

Sankhāras

mental formations. The internal, conditioning activities and all the conditioned, created things (a subtle creation) 

Saññā

perception (one of the five aggregates)

Saññāvipallāsa

perversion of perceptions

Sāriputta 

one of the Buddha’s most significant disciples, his right hand monk in making known the dharma and vinaya

Sati

mindfulness

Satipatthāna

the four foundations of mindfulness

Sattakkhattuparama

one who will be reborn for up to seven births, and then will be able to put an end to suffering

Sīla

ethics, precepts, moral guidance

Sīlabbataparāmāsa

attachment to superstitious practices (rites, ceremonies, rituals)

Sotāpanna 

a stream-enterer, one who will never fall back into the lower existences, but who will move forward toward full enlightenment and the realization of nirvana

Sotāpatti-phala

fruition of stream-entry

Suddhāvāsa

pure abodes of existence

Sukha

physical wellbeing, psychic joy, happiness

Suññatā 

emptiness, the fertile void, supreme void

Suppurisa

a good wise person

Sutras / suttas

Buddha's discourses

T
Tanhā 

craving/thirst

Tathāgata

the Buddha, literally the one who has gone thus (beyond any description)

Thīnamiddha

psychic inertia, clumsiness, numbness

U
Uddhacca

restlessness or excessive efforts put into the practice

Upādāna 

attachment

Upadhi 

a subtle attachment and substratum/fuel for rebirth

Upāya

ways and means

Upekkhā

heart and mind filled with equanimity, equilibrium, and rectitude, the sense of composure

V
Vedanā

sensations, feelings (one of the five aggregates)

Vicāra

examining factor

Vicikicchā 

 doubt or indecisiveness

Vijjā

special and supreme knowledge, beyond the reach of the average human

Vimutti

liberation / immeasurable freedom

Vinaya

monastic discipline, guidelines for action and speech

Viññana

consciousness (one of the five aggregates)

Vipallāsa

perversion / distortion

Vipassana

Insight Meditation, Seeing things as they truly are, the Development of Wisdom

Virāga

freedom from sensual excitement

Viriya

working energy (perseverance / effort)

Vitakka

discursive thought as regards pleasure, destructiveness, and violence on the akusala – unhealthy, unwholesome side while on the kusala – healthy, wholesome side it refers to the opposites to those three aspects of thinking, embracing freedom from sensual pleasures, mettā – unconditional, universal love and well wishes for all beings, and non-violence

Viveka

solitude/quietude

Vossagga

letting go once and for all

Vyāpāda

destructive thought